Many years of human factors research have shown that the development of effective, efficient, and usable interfaces requires the inclusion of the user’s perspective throughout the entire design and development process. Many times interfaces are developed late in the design and development process with minimal user input. The result tends to be an interface that simply can not be employed to complete the required tasks or the actual users are unwilling accept the technology. Johnson points out numerous issues with Graphical User Interfaces, many of the issues that are raised also apply to Human-Robotic Interfaces (HRIs) development. Below are the lists of the principles:
In the case of Human-Robotic Interfaces (HRIs), the developers should generally have a good understanding of the targeted user group. For example, the rescue robots the users are two specific groups. The first group includes the incident commanders and the second group includes the robot control operator. The applications of HRIs for robots that assist the elderly represent a user group that is also fairly well defined.
Once one move to a few other domains, such as generally military personnel, then the HRI design must consider the varying conditions and user capabilities. In addition to the environmental factors associated with soldiers using robots, the user group will not be as well designed as the case rescue robots. On the other hand, the user group will not be as ill defined as a general consumer group representing mothers with children under the age of five.
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